Background & Objective: Nursing students usually experience various types of STRESS. Lack of STRESS COPING strategies result in more STRESS, incompatibility, manifestation of disorders, and mental health problems. This study carried out to assess the methods of COPING with STRESS among nursing students.Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 358 male and female bachelor of nursing students studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the first semester of 2011-2012 were selected. Data were collected using the COPING Inventory for STRESSful Situation and a demographic questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS-14.Results: There were 66.2% female and 33.8% male students in the study. The age of the students ranged 17-29 years. Most of the students aged 20-22 years (45%), were single (90.8%), were habitants of Tehran (53.1%), had an average economic status (72.1%), and were employed (20.9%). Of all, 19.3% had experienced STRESSful events in the last three months. A small number of the students (4.7%) suffered from chronic diseases. The nursing students mostly used problem-oriented COPING style (56%). The emotion oriented method was used among 45.99% of the students and the avoidance oriented style was used among 39.34% of the students. There were no statistically significant relationship between the COPING STYLES and the demographic characteristics.Conclusion: The problem-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance oriented STYLES were the most frequent STYLES used by the students, respectively. The mental health, particularly among nursing students who deal with patients and have important role in the health system, is important and requires special attention. The STRESS COPING STYLES should be inserted in the educational curriculum of the nursing schools.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hardiness on COPING STYLES with STRESS. Two hundred and seventy-four volunteer students (97 males, 177 females) from different faculties of the University of Tehran participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Hardiness Scale (HS) and Tehran COPING STYLES Scale (TCSS). Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and regression analyses. The results revealed that hardiness was positively associated with both problem focused and positive emotional focused COPING STYLES while negatively related to negative emotional focused COPING style. Hardiness predicted COPING strategies of problem focused and positive emotional focused positively, and COPING strategies of negative emotional focused negatively. Different COPING strategies are supposed to be influence by hardiness through increasing self confidence; reinforcing a sense of independence and autonomy, a clear sense of direction, an active approach in STRESSful situations; concentrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral abilities on goals; STRESS buffering; and positive interpersonal relationships.

In order to examine the relationship between perfectionism and COPING with STRESS, 195 girls and 183 boys college students (age mean=22 years) answered a Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (Terry–Short, Owens, Slade, & Dewey, 1995) and the Tehran COPING STYLES Scale (Besharat, 2008). The results revealed that positive perfectionism was positively associated with problem-focused and positive emotion-focused COPING STYLES, and negatively correlated with problem focused and negative emotion-focused COPING style. Negative perfectionism had the negative correlation with these STYLES. Improvement of COPING strategies based on positive/negative motivational dynamics, the negative interaction/opposition of idealism-realism testing, satisfaction/dissatisfaction with personal performance, generalization of adaptive/maladaptive interaction with parents, and optimism/pessimism are discussed.

We examined the relationship between attachment STYLES (secure, avoidant, and ambivalent) and three strategies of COPING with STRESS (problem-focused, positive emotion-focused, and negative emotion-focused). The Adult Attachment Inventory (Besharat, 2005; Hazan & Shaver, 1987) and the Tehran COPING STYLES Scale (Besharat 2005; Carver, Shearer, & Winthrop, 1989) were completed by 120 female and 103 male Iranian students. The results revealed a statistically reliable relationship between attachment STYLES and COPING strategies. Secure attachment style was positively correlated with problem focused and positive emotion-focused COPING STYLES, and negatively associated with negative emotion-focused COPING style. Avoidant attachment style was positively correlated with problem-focused and negative emotion-focused COPING STYLES. Ambivalent attachment style was positively correlated with positive emotion-focused COPING style. We concluded that COPING strategies are influenced by attachment STYLES.

In the current study, the relationship between sources of STRESSors and COPING in the students of the University of Tehran and Medical Sciences University of Tehran has been investigated. This study aimed at finding information related to college students' COPING patterns, exploring sources of STRESSors for them, and their cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to the STRESSful life events. In this study 1320 college students participated across different major fields, and data was gathered with utilization of three scales: STRESS Scale, STRESS Symptom Scale, and Adolescent COPING Scale. Findings showed a negative significant relation between COPING STYLES based on problem solving and STRESS symptom. In addition, the following STRESSors had significant roles in developing STRESS symptoms: Individuals habitual behaviors, academic events, marital problems, emotional-affective, social, and familial STRESSors. The unique features of this research were recognizing cognitive, behavioral, and affective domains of STRESS responses in college students. Applicability of these findings has been discussed thoroughly in the paper.

The aim of this study was to predict students’ family functioning through STRESS COPING STYLES. Using cluster sampling, 317 students of Abhar Islamic Azad University were selected. To collect data, Roger et. al’s COPING Style Questionnaire (CSQ) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were used. Using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and stepwise regression, the data were analyzed. The results of this research showed that there was significant negative relationship between cognitive COPING STYLES and conflict in family functioning. There was significant positive relationship between emotional COPING STYLES and conflict in family functioning. There was no significant relationship between avoidance and detachment COPING STYLES and family functioning. The students reflected the difference in their quality of life. Also the results showed that emotional and cognitive STRESS COPING STYLES explained about 26 percent of students’ quality of life variance.

This study was aimed to investigate psychometric properties of the Sport STRESS COPING STYLES Scale including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, concurrent validity, and predictive validity in a sample of volunteer athletes. One hundred and forty-four athletes (103 males, 41 females) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Sport STRESS COPING STYLES Scale (SSCSS) and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI). The athletes' coaches were asked to rate the Sport Achievement Scale (SAS) in order to measure students' sport achievement. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the SSCSS were examined at satisfactory levels. Content validity, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the SSCSS were calculated according to correlation coefficients between the scores on the SSCSS subscales and scores of psychological well-being, psychological diSTRESS, and sport achievement. All correlations were statistically significant. It can be concluded that the SSCSS is a valid instrument for measuring the way athletes cope with sport STRESS.

The aim of present study has been comparison of work – family conflict among people with healthy (G: good health, S: sparing) and unhealthy (A: ambitious, B: burnout) patterns of work behavior. Within this scope, 137 employees of Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery Company of Shazand were selected by stratified random sampling and responded to research tools. The instruments were the measure of work– family conflict and Work-related Behavior and Experience Patterns Questionnaire (AVEM). The data were analyzed using variance analyze. Results showed that among research sample, there are 45 G pattern, 48 S pattern, 21 A pattern A and 23 B pattern and G and S types have lower means of work-family conflict than A and B types. According to the results, the COPING style of employees with their work STRESS and strain, affects their experience of work-family conflict.